How to Pronounce Chongqing, One of Chinas Major Cities

How to Pronounce Chongqing, One of Chinas Major Cities Learn how to pronounce Chongqing (é‡ Ã¥ ºâ€ ), one of Chinas major cities. Its located in South-west China (see map) and has almost 30 million inhabitants, although much less live in the urban center itself. The city is important because of its manufacturing and is also a regional transportation hub. In this article, we will first give you a quick and dirty way of how to pronounce the name if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce it. Then I’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. The Quick and Dirty Way of  Pronouncing Chongqing Most Chinese cities have names with two characters (and therefore two syllables). There are abbreviations, but these are rarely used in spoken language (the abbreviation for Chongqing is  Ã¦ ¸ . Heres a brief description of the sounds involved:   Listen to the pronunciation here while reading the explanation. Repeat yourself! Chong - Pronounce a shorter choo in choose plus -ngQing - Pronounce as chi- in chin plus -ng in sing If you want to have a go at the tones, they are rising and falling respectively. Note:  This pronunciation is  not  correct pronunciation in Mandarin. It represents my best effort to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). Pronouncing Names in Chinese Pronouncing  names in Chinese  can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard, even if you have. Many letters used to write the sounds in Mandarin (called  Hanyu Pinyin) dont match the sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess the pronunciation will lead to many mistakes. Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand.   How to Actually Pronounce Chongqing If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many  traps and pitfalls in Pinyin  you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the two syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: Chà ³ng  (second tone)  - The initial is a retroflex, aspirated, affricate. What does that mean? It means that the tongue should feel like the tongue is slightly curled backwards as when saying right, that there is a small stop (a t-sound, but still pronounced with the described tongue position) followed by a hissing sound (such as when urging someone to be quiet: Shhh!) and that there should be a sharp puff of air on the stop. The final is tricky in two regards. First, English doesnt really have a short vowel in this position. Its reasonably close to choose but should be short. Second, the nasal -ng should be more nasal and further back. Dropping you jaw usually helps.Qà ¬ng  (fourth tone) -  The initial here is the only tricky part. q is an aspirated affricate, which means that its similar to the ch above, but with a different tongue position. The tongue tip should be down, lightly touching the teeth ridge behind the lower teeth. -ing should have the same nasal as above, too, but with an i and an optional schwa (roughly the vowel sound in English the) inserted after the i and before the nasal. The are some variations for these sounds, but  Chongqing (é‡ Ã¥ ºâ€ ) can be written like this in IPA: [ʈʂÊ °uÅ‹Â  tÉ•Ê °jəŋ] Note that both sounds have stops (the t) and that both have aspiration (the superscript h). Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Chongqing (é‡ Ã¥ ºâ€ ). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learned the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Researching a Famous Ancestor in Your Family Tree

Researching a Famous Ancestor in Your Family Tree Am I related to someone famous? This is one of the questions that often first sparks a persons interest in genealogy. Maybe youve heard that youre descended from Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, Davy Crockett, or Pocahontas. Or perhaps you suspect a family connection (however distant) to Princess Diana, Shirley Temple, or Marilyn Monroe. Maybe you even share a surname with someone famous and wonder if youre somehow related. Research Back to the Famous Ancestor If you suspect a famous individual or two in your family tree, begin by learning as much about your own family history as possible. Assembling the names and dates in your own family tree is necessary for later connecting with the large databases and biographies that hold previously done research on famous individuals. Whether youre directly descended or a tenth cousin, twice removed, youll likely have to research your own family back at least several generations before attempting to connect to the famous person. Distant cousin relationships very often require following the family tree to a point several generations prior to the time of the famous individual and then tracing your way back down various side branches. You may not be a direct descendant of Davy Crockett, for example, but may still share a common ancestry through one of his Crockett ancestors. To find that connection you would have to research back not only through your own family tree, but his, and then possibly work your way forward as well to the ancestral connection. Learn More About the Possible Famous Ancestor In addition to researching your own family history, you can also explore the information that exists for the famous individual you think you are related to. If they are pretty famous, chances are that their family history has already been researched by someone. If not, its likely that their biography or other resources are available to get you started in the right direction. The more familiar you are with the names and locations in the family tree of your potential famous relative, the easier it will be to spot the possible connections as you work backward in your own. Just dont fall into the trap of assuming that same name/same location means the same individual! Biographies Biographies of thousands of famous individuals can be easily found online. The following are some great resources to start your research: Biography.com includes short biographies of over 25,000 famous people, ranging from actors and actresses to political leaders and historical figures.Infoplease.com features 30,000 notable people.Biographical information for actors, actresses and other individuals associated with the movie can be found at E! Online and The Internet Movie Database (IMDb).Popular genealogy databases, such as FamilySearch User Submitted Genealogies or Family Tree, Ancestry.com Member Trees, and also contain many celebrity genealogies - but please be aware that they may not always be 100% correct. Some of those famous connections are rooted in times and localities where surviving records are scarce, and thus not necessarily supported by evidence that meets the Genealogical Proof Standard. Searching for Relatives That Have Passed Away Popular cemetery websites showcase dates and pictures of celebrity tombstones. Here are a few online resources to get started when lliking for information about people who may have passed away: Find a Grave includes transcribed gravestone information (and sometimes pictures) for thousands of famous and infamous individuals.Hollywood Underground gives the scoop on the final resting places of famous people buried in and around Los Angeles.Political Graveyard tells you where all the dead politicians are buried. If your famous ancestor was in the military, then many military cemeteries and memorials have information online. Finding Famous Lineages If the person is pretty famous, their family tree may have already been researched. Famous lineages can often be found online, in published biographies, or family histories. Heritage and lineage society publications and membership applications are other rich sources of lineages for famous individuals. A useful RelativeFinder.org is a great relationship finder tool, accessible by setting up a free FamilySearch account and family tree, which uses names and Ancestral File Numbers to assist people in finding common connections to famous people. Newspaper accounts of a famous individual, especially those written during his (or her) lifetime, may detail his participation in historical events or include accounts of his daily life. Marriages, obituaries, and other newsworthy items found in historical newspapers may also provide information on family members. While it provides a good start, it is important to remember that this type of published information is secondary - some correct, and some little more than guesswork. To be sure of your famous connections, take your research further into original documents to verify the accuracy of what you have discovered in previously done research or biographies. Finding Your Not-So-Good Relatives Not all ancestors are famous for their good deeds. You may have a notorious gunfighter, convict, pirate, madam, famous outlaw or other colorful character hanging from your family tree. This hidden past often presents some unusual opportunities for uncovering more details. In addition to the resources listed on the previous page for finding famous ancestors, court records are an excellent source for learning about everything from houses of ill repute to bootleggers. Criminal and prison records are also worth a look. The following are resources you can use to trace those individuals that may have had a run-in with the law: The Federal Bureau of Prisons maintains a database of former inmates (records prior to 1982 can only be accessed by mail).Many of the early American settlers from England were originally transported to the colonies as convicts. Over 25,000 of these individuals can be found listed in Peter Wilson Coldhams The Kings Passengers to Maryland and Virginia.The online  Crime Library  of the Crime Museum in Washington, DC, includes biographies and stories of notorious gangsters, outlaws, terrorists, spies, and murderers.The Associated Daughters of American Witches searches for an preserves the names of those accused of witchery in Colonial America.On the website of the International Black Sheep Society of Genealogists, you can read about others family connections to scandalous black sheep and find help for researching your own. Sources Coldham, Peter Wilson. The Kings Passengers to Maryland and Virginia. Heritage Books, September 6, 2006.